音声ブラウザご使用の方向け: SKIP NAVI GOTO NAVI

ISPO An Asian Prosthetics and Orthotics Workshop '98 in Japan Final Report

| Contents | | Photos | | Previous Page | | Next Page |


Appendix 1

 

Asian Prosthetics and Orthotics Workshop '98
Participant Questionnaire

 

No. Name of country: Name of person completing this form: Profession (M.D., PO, P.T., OT, Other) Position:
1 CAMBODIA CARSON HARTE PO PRINCIPAL
2 China      
3 Hong Kong, China Arthur F. T. Mak PhD Professor and Head
4 INDIA CHAPAL PO EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR.
5 INDONESIA Dr. Handojo Tjandrakusuma M.D. Director
6 JAPAN Eiji Tazawa PO Vice President
7 KOREA Jung Soon Shin M.D., D.M.Sc. Consultant, Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center Professor Emeritus, Yonsei University College of Medicine.
8 MALAYSIA ZALIHA OMAR M.D. Consultant Rehabilitation Physician & Associate Professor in Rehabilitation
9 MYANMAR DR. SAI WOON MA M.D. HEAD/CONSULTANT
10 NEPAL DR.ASHOK R. BAJRACHARYA M.D. CONSULTANT & HEAD OF ORTHOPAEDIC DEPARTMENT
11 PAKISTAN PROF. NASEER MAHMOOD AKHTAR M.D. PRINCIPAL / PROF. OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY
12 SINGAPORE P.BALASUBRAMANIAM M.D. PROFESSORIAL FELLOW
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. JIN-SHIN LAI M.D. PROFESSOR / CHAIRMAN
14 THAILAND THERDCHAI JIVACATE M.D. HEAD DEPARTMENT OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE
15 VIETNAM HA AHN M.D. Director

 

 

1. General medical condition

1) what is the approximate number of people with physical disabilities (not including Visual Auditory) in your country? 2) Type of disability ?
(1) amputation
traumatic
No. Name of country: industrial / traffic /war injury vascular tumor (malignancy) others Total number of amputees
1 CAMBODIA 60,000 50%     50% 30,000
2 China 8,870,000 26.20%        
3 Hong Kong, China 82,000          
4 INDIA 12,000,000 70% 20% 2% 8% 1,000,000
5 INDONESIA            
6 JAPAN 4,410,000         168,000
7 KOREA 733,000 65.50% 13.20% 7.30% 14% 92,000
8 MALAYSIA 800,000 20% 70% 5% 5% (Filarissis Infection Congenital) (primary) 2,500 per year (Incidence)
9 MYANMAR 1,150,000 50% 25% 3% 22% 7,000
10 NEPAL 551,000 50% 10% 15% 25% 83,000
11 PAKISTAN 4,200,000(3% of total population of 140,000,000) 80% 17% 2% 1% 25,000 approx. including 6,000 War Injuries
12 SINGAPORE 90,000 5% 80% 5% 10% 10,000
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. 230,000 35% 45% 10% 10% 40,000
14 THAILAND 425,000 80% 15% 4% 1%  
15 VIETNAM 4,500,000 90% 7.40% 0.50% 2.10% 200,000

 

 
(2) paralysis, deformity, etc.
neurological
No. Name of country: poliomyelitis number of patients cerebral palsy spinal cord injury cerebral vascular accident traumatic brain injury others bone and joint disease others
1 CAMBODIA 30,000 unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown  
2 China                
3 Hong Kong, China                
4 INDIA 4,033,000 405,000 125,000 315,000 50,000 3,150,000 180,000 742,000
5 INDONESIA                
6 JAPAN 43,000 63,000 63,000 314,000     213,000 91,000
7 KOREA 95,000 24,000 22,000 127,000 21,000 20,000 215,000 117,000
8 MALAYSIA 16,000 40,000 9,000 130,000 30,000   100,000  
9 MYANMAR 1,278 660 365 178 26   1,279 3,720 (All patients coming for treatment at National Rehabilitation Hospital in 1990-1995
10 NEPAL 56,000 37,000 18,000 9,000 13,000 52,000 187,000 9,000
11 PAKISTAN 140,000(1% of total population of NHS.) ? (10 per year in Orth. Unit.) ? (25 per year in Orth. Unit. ? [323 (Medical Units) of M.H.] ? (Not Available.) ? (Not Available.) ? (1,300 Orth. Units of M.H.) ? (10 Orth. Units of M.H.)
12 SINGAPORE 8,000 88,000 50,000 3,315,000 120 - 54,000 23,000
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. 20,000 20,000 12,000 135,000 10,000 5,000 25,000 5,000
14 THAILAND                
15 VIETNAM 127,000 14,000 6,000 30,000 140,000 40,000 20,000 30,000

 

 

2. Amputation and Prosthetics

1) What are the levels of amputation in your country?
Upper Limb
No. Name of country: forequarter shoulder disarticulation trans-humeral elbow disarticulation trans-radial wrist disarticulation hand . finger
1 CAMBODIA unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown unknown
2 China              
3 Hong Kong, China              
4 INDIA 1% 2% 10% 4% 50% 3% 30%
5 INDONESIA              
6 JAPAN              
7 KOREA 0.50% 3.20% 19.40% 5% 25.20 6% 40.70%
8 MALAYSIA none negligible 9% none 10% 1% 80%
9 MYANMAR              
10 NEPAL 0.50% 15% 15% 20% 25% 1.50% 9.50%
11 PAKISTAN 5% 5% (As seen in Mayo Hospital) 30% (Prosthetic Centre) 10% 37% 3% 10%
12 SINGAPORE 5% 5% 5% 20% 5% 20% 40%
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. 2% 4% 25% 6% 35% 15% 13%
14 THAILAND              
15 VIETNAM   9% 38% 9% 27% 7% 10%

 

 
Lower Limb
No. Name of country: hemi-pelvectomy hip disarticulation trans-femoral knee disarticulation trans-tibial Syme foot
1 CAMBODIA - <1 30% 5% 60% 5%  
2 China              
3 Hong Kong, China              
4 INDIA 1% 5% 10% 5% 60% 4% 15%
5 INDONESIA              
6 JAPAN              
7 KOREA 0.30% 4% 24.50% 8.20% 32.80% 11.20% 19%
8 MALAYSIA   2% 33% 1% 60% 3% (excluding tocs) 1%
9 MYANMAR              
10 NEPAL 0.50% 1% 25% 5% 55% 10% 3.50%
11 PAKISTAN 2% 6% (As seen in Mayo Hospital) 30% (Prosthetic Centre) 10% 45% 6% 1%
12 SINGAPORE 1% 1% 20% 4% 30% 4% 40%
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. 1% 2% 40% 2% 50% 1% 4%
14 THAILAND              
15 VIETNAM   4% 34% 9% 37% 6% 8%

 

2) How many facilities do you have in your country? 3) How many specialized rehabilitation doctors are there in your country?
No. Name of country: public health care centers general hospital university hospital rehabilitation centers rehabilitation doctors orthopaedic surgeons others
1 CAMBODIA   20 1 15 0 3  
2 China              
3 Hong Kong, China   40 2 4 less than 5 150  
4 INDIA 5,117 418 81 215 200 4,000 1,000
5 INDONESIA 280 37 3 1 12 20  
6 JAPAN 706 1163 169 1,414 Physical Reh 41 5,104 11,302 39,652
7 KOREA 3,604 276 57 19 328 2,581 1,173
8 MALAYSIA >1,000 108 3 2 (Institution Based) 5 168  
9 MYANMAR 8,094 25 5 3 10 90  
10 NEPAL 4,058 74 2 2 × 37 ×
11 PAKISTAN 5,000 250 25 10 8 200 50
12 SINGAPORE 19 4 1 1 10 89 3
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. ?2 400 7 2 350 1,800 ?
14 THAILAND 715 90 8 1 150 600  
15 VIETNAM 80 1,000 6 80 360 200 800

 

4) How many allied health profession are there in your country?
No. Name of country: physiotherapists occupational therapists prosthetists and orthotists speech therapists social workers
1 CAMBODIA 80 0 18 0 0
2 China          
3 Hong Kong, China ~800 ~550 ~80    
4 INDIA 5,000 4,000 1,000 210 10,000
5 INDONESIA more than 2,000 47 17 less than 100 more than 5,000
6 JAPAN 17,316 8,741 2,357 3,000  
7 KOREA 9,124 230 185 215 2,493
8 MALAYSIA 300 180 0 [P & O Technician - 60] 16 Medical social workers(M.S.W..) 51
9 MYANMAR 47 2 - - 43
10 NEPAL 35 × 11 6 700
11 PAKISTAN 800 40 120 10 1,500
12 SINGAPORE 202 101 4 5 92
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. 1,000 500 50 50 300
14 THAILAND 650 160 195    
15 VIETNAM 600 190 130 42 60

 

 

3. How are prostheses Financed

1) Do you have a medical insurance system?
(Yes / No) If yes, list the name
No. Name of country: 1 2 3
1 CAMBODIA No      
2 China        
3 Hong Kong, China Yes      
4 INDIA Yes, but don't pay for Prostheses L.I.S. MEDICILAIM  
5 INDONESIA Yes Health insurance Labour insurance  
6 JAPAN Yes 1) Heath insurance government managed 2)Health insurance for day laborers 3)Insurance for seamen 4)Mutual benefit society for national/regional public servant 5)Mutual benefit society for employees of private schools 6)National health insurance 7)Private organization insurance
7 KOREA Yes national health insurance workmen's compensation insurance pension fund insurance
8 MALAYSIA No      
9 MYANMAR        
10 NEPAL No      
11 PAKISTAN No      
12 SINGAPORE No      
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. Yes Central Health Insurance Bureau    
14 THAILAND Yes      
15 VIETNAM Yes The Health Insurance The Social Insurance Policy for War Disabled

 

2) Who pays for the prostheses and orthoses? (multiple answer)
No. Name of country: patients national health insurance workmen's compensation insurance pension fund insurance handicapped bureau automobile insurance others
1 CAMBODIA No No No No No No NGO External funds
2 China Yes No Yes Yes No No  
3 Hong Kong, China Yes   Yes     Yes  
4 INDIA Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Government Organisation / NGO
5 INDONESIA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes  
6 JAPAN Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes  
7 KOREA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (veterans administration) Yes
8 MALAYSIA Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Charity Based Non. Public Service Fund, employers Governmental Organizations
9 MYANMAR Yes No Yes No No Yes NGOs
10 NEPAL Yes No No No Yes No DONOR AGENCIES
11 PAKISTAN Yes No No No No No  
12 SINGAPORE Yes No Yes No Yes No MEDIFUND Yes
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. Yes for extra charge Yes for normal charge Yes for normal charge   Yes for normal charge Yes for extra charge  
14 THAILAND Yes   Yes   Yes    
15 VIETNAM Yes           Labor, disabled and social affair

 

3) How many prostheses are produced a year in your country?
Upper Limb
No. Name of country: forequarter shoulder disarticulation trans-humeral elbow disarticulation trans-radial
1 CAMBODIA                    
2 China           1,512       3,707
3 Hong Kong, China                    
4 INDIA 0.10% 10 0.20% 20 10% 200 0.40% 40 56.30% 1126
5 INDONESIA   very rare   very rare   6   7   11
6 JAPAN                    
7 KOREA 0.20% 35 3.90% 684 20.00% 3,506 6.00% 1,052 25.50% 4,472
8 MALAYSIA                    
9 MYANMAR   -   - 17% 4 17% 4 66% 16
10 NEPAL   ×   ×   8   7   14
11 PAKISTAN     8% 1 8% 1 (13 in Mayo Hospital, Orthoprosthetic Centre in one year) 8% 1 76% 10
12 SINGAPORE   0   0   0   0   6
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. 2% 20 4% 40 23% 240 5% 60 38% 400
14 THAILAND                    
15 VIETNAM         5% 20 12.50% 50 62.50% 250

 

 
  Lower Limb
No. Name of country: wrist desarticulation hand . finger hemi-pelvectomy hip disarticulation trans-femoral
1 CAMBODIA       100 Total            
2 China                   9,779
3 Hong Kong, China                    
4 INDIA 3% 200 30% 500 0.10% 10 0.50% 100 10% 2,000
5 INDONESIA       1   very rare   very rare   17
6 JAPAN                    
7 KOREA 10.50% 1,840 33.90% 5,943 0.30% 92 5.00% 1541 25.50% 7,857
8 MALAYSIA       About 2,000 Details unavailable            
9 MYANMAR   -   -   - 0.50% 2 27% 106
10 NEPAL   7   ×   ×   1   199
11 PAKISTAN             1% 2 34% 60 (175 In one year as above)
12 SINGAPORE   0   10   0   2   54
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. 15% 160 13% 140 0.50% 10 2.00% 60 38.50% 1,000
14 THAILAND                    
15 VIETNAM 12.50% 50 7.50% 30     4.40% 500 26% 3,000

 

 
   
No. Name of country: knee desarticulation trans-tibial Syme foot
1 CAMBODIA               8,000 Total
2 China       18,262        
3 Hong Kong, China                
4 INDIA 5% 300 65.40% 15,000 4% 400 15% 3,000
5 INDONESIA   15   17   8   14
6 JAPAN                
7 KOREA 6.40% 1,970 33.20% 10,230 10.00% 3,080 19.60% 6,040
8 MALAYSIA               About 4,000~5,000 Details unavailable
9 MYANMAR 3% 12 63% 243 6.50% 26   -
10 NEPAL   15   348   26   35
11 PAKISTAN 2% 4 47% 104 5% 8 1% 2
12 SINGAPORE   3   427   30   12
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. 1.50% 40 50.00% 1,300 1.50% 40 6.00% 150
14 THAILAND                
15 VIETNAM 8.60% 1,000 52.10% 6,000 4.40% 500 4.50% 500

 

4) How many orthoses are produced a year in your country?
No. Name of country: shoulder orthoses elbow orthoses wrist hand / finger HKAFO hip orthoses
1 CAMBODIA                    
2 China   16,293                
3 Hong Kong, China                    
4 INDIA 2% 920 2% 920 10% 4,600 10% 4,600 2% 920
5 INDONESIA   2   2   15   62   22
6 JAPAN                    
7 KOREA 1.50% 1,627 2.60% 2,820 8.20% 8,893 2.50% 2,712 3.20% 3,470
8 MALAYSIA                    
9 MYANMAR   - 0.50% 3 2% 10 44% 262 - -
10 NEPAL   17   274   435   149   86
11 PAKISTAN 0.20% 2 0.20 2 7% 80 11% 120 1% 13 (Mayo Hospital, Orthoprosthetic Centre in one year
12 SINGAPORE   96   0   72   16   45
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. 0.40% 100 2% 500 8% 2,000 0.40% 100 0.20% 50
14 THAILAND                    
15 VIETNAM 1.75% 30 2.92% 50 11.70% 200 4.70% 80 2.92% 50

 

 
No. Name of country: KAFO knee orthoses AFO Orthopedic shoes foot orthoses other
1 CAMBODIA                       200 Total
2 China               54,186        
3 Hong Kong, China                        
4 INDIA 40% 18,400 5% 2,300 10% 4,600 5% 2,300 5% 2,300 9% 4,140
5 INDONESIA   Included the number of HKAFO   60   38   308        
6 JAPAN                        
7 KOREA 10.50% 11,388 6.50% 7,050 17.30% 18,763 10.20% 11,062 9% 9,760 28.50% 30,909
8 MALAYSIA                        
9 MYANMAR 12% 66 - - 3.50% 20 39% 162 - - 10% 56
10 NEPAL   240   104   324   1,270   410   770
11 PAKISTAN 8% 90 2% 24 14% 150 35% 385 4% 50 17% 185
12 SINGAPORE   45   231   771   60   414   100
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. 8% 2,000 11% 3,000 19% 5,000 11% 3,000 39% 10,000 1% 250
14 THAILAND                        
15 VIETNAM 17.50% 300 29.20% 500 11.70% 200 100% 5,000 11.70% 200 5.91% 100

 

 

4. Prosthetics and Components

1) What Kind of components(parts) do you use?
Domestic Imported from
No. Name of country: hip knee ankle foot shoulder elbow wrist terminal device Canada China
1 CAMBODIA Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No
2 China No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes
3 Hong Kong, China                  Yes  
4 INDIA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
5 INDONESIA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No    
6 JAPAN Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
7 KOREA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes
8 MALAYSIA No standard joint components produced No No No No No No No No No
9 MYANMAR No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No
10 NEPAL No Yes No Yes No No No No No No
11 PAKISTAN Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes    
12 SINGAPORE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
14 THAILAND Yes Yes   Yes   Yes Yes Yes    
15 VIETNAM Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes    

 

 
 
No. Name of country: England France Germany India Japan Taiwan USA UK others
1 CAMBODIA No No No No No No No No Yes
2 China No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes
3 Hong Kong, China Yes   Yes     Yes Yes Yes  
4 INDIA Yes No Yes   No No No Yes No
5 INDONESIA     Yes            
6 JAPAN Yes Yes Yes   Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (Iceland, Sweden)
7 KOREA Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes  
8 MALAYSIA Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
9 MYANMAR No No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes
10 NEPAL Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (AUSTRALIA)
11 PAKISTAN Yes   Yes     Yes      
12 SINGAPORE Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes  
14 THAILAND Yes         Yes Yes   Yes (Sweden)
15 VIETNAM Yes Yes Yes Yes     Yes Yes Yes (ASEAN)

 

2) Do you have local PO component manufacturing companies?
(Yes / No) If yes
Name of manufacturers
No. Name of country: 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 CAMBODIA Yes INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE REP CROSS          
2 China Yes The prosthetic and orthotic factory in Beijing The rehabilitation Center in Shandong Province The Prosthetic and Orthotic Center in Henorn Province the Rehabilitation Center in Jiangsu Province The Prosthetic and Orthotic Center in Huber Province  
3 Hong Kong, China No Hospital PdO Centres usually have their own workshops for fabrication of simple component          
4 INDIA Yes ALIMCO ALC-PUNE NATIONAL INSTITUTE      
5 INDONESIA No            
6 JAPAN Yes ADVAN-FIT, H-F IMASEN, KEIAI KYOWA, NABCO NISSIN, OBARA SATOU, TAKASAKI  
7 KOREA Yes Shinsung Industry Co. Saewon Prosthetic Supply Co. Jonghap Kigong Co. Daeyang Medical Supply Co.    
8 MALAYSIA No            
9 MYANMAR No            
10 NEPAL No            
11 PAKISTAN   R.K. Industries (Sialkot) Sharif & Sons (Faisalabad) Techico (Lahore) Mirza & Co (Multan)    
12 SINGAPORE No            
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. Yes   Teh-Lin Prosthetic & Orthopedic Inc. $BFANS5A;hM-8B8x;J(B        
14 THAILAND No            
15 VIETNAM   Ba orthopaedic technique centre          

 

3) How do you make trans-femoral prostheses?
Please describe most common type of
No. Name of country: socket design socket material knee joint ankle joint foot What is the cost in US dollars, of these prostheses?
1 CAMBODIA Quadrilateral Polyprop Manual lock SACH (Rubber)   60-80 Mahenals
2 China CAD/CAM, total contacted socket acrylic resin adjustable friction single axis Solid Ankle Cushion Heel foot adaptor, multi-axis foot adaptor SACH foot, polyester foot  
3 Hong Kong, China Quad mainly laminated material Otto Back 3R15 simple axis foot simple axis foot just to cover material costs
4 INDIA TOTAL CONTACT, OPEN END Thermo-set, Thermo plastic, Aluminimum Wood, Steel Steel / NO SACH, JAIPUR, Single Axis 0-200
5 INDONESIA Quadri lateral socket Lether & aluminum socket Front axis of bicycle Solid Ankle Cussion Heel Foot Rolling foot about 40
6 JAPAN QL, IRC Thermosetting P. Thermo P. Safety Knee, 4-bar linkage, Locking Knee Single Axis, SACH Type Energy Storing type, Single Axis 3,000-8,000
7 KOREA quadrilateral laminate Single axis single axis conventional foot 1,000
8 MALAYSIA I.C., QUAD TOTAL CONTACT P.E., COPOLYMER, SURLYN, THERMOPLASTIC ENDOLITE, BOCK SAFETY, SINGLE AXIS ENDOLITE MULTIFLEX ENDOLITE, BOCK DYNAMIC, SACH 800-2,000
9 MYANMAR Quadri Lateral Total Contact Wood, Plastic & Poly propylene Single axis knee Joint - SACH Foot 45
10 NEPAL ISCHIAL WEIGHT BEARING POLYESTER RESINE, EPOXY RESINE, FIBER GLASS SINGLE AXIS FIXED S.A.C.H.. 150 to 180
11 PAKISTAN Quadrilateral & Cylindrical Willow Wood & Laminated Socket Single Axis manual Local Ankle Joint S.S. Sach Foot Wooden & Rubber 45 to 65
12 SINGAPORE ISCHIAL CONTAINMENT AND QUADRILATERAL FIBREGLASS, POLYPROPYLENE, LEATHER SINGLE AXIS, PNEUMATIC SINGLE AXIS AND FIXED TYPES SACH, SINGLE AXIS OR DYNAMIC 1,00-4,000/-
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. quadrilateral polyester 4-bar linkage solid ankle SACH 1,600
14 THAILAND Quadrilateral Polyester Resin Single Axis with Safety Knee (exoskeletal)   SACH 430
15 VIETNAM by hands, by computers Wood, Aluminimum, P.P., Resin. Wood, Aluminimum, metal, P.P. - Wood, Rubber 80-120

 

4) How do you make trans-tibial prostheses?
Please describe most common type of
No. Name of country: socket design socket material ankle joint foot What os the cost in US dollars, of these orthoses?
1 CAMBODIA PTB, PTS, SC Poly prop SACH (Rubber)   40 Mahenals
2 China PTB, PTK, KBM acrylic resin, Ceuther, aluminum, wooden SACH foot adapter, multi-axis foot adaptor SACH foot, polyester foot  
3 Hong Kong, China modified PTB mostly laminated materials mainly SACH foot mainly SACH foot just to cover material costs
4 INDIA PTB, PTS Thermoset, Thermoplastic, Aliminum Steel / No SACH, Jaipur, Single Axis 0 - 100
5 INDONESIA Pattela Tendon Bearing Lether & Aluminum Solid Ankle Cussion Heel Foot Rolling foot about 40
6 JAPAN PTB, TSB Acrylic, Polyester, Epoxy, Polyurethane Single Axis, SACH Type Energy Storing type, Single Axis 2,000 - 5,000
7 KOREA PTB laminate single axis single axis foot, conventional foot 600
8 MALAYSIA PTB, PTS, TCEROSS (3S) - TOTAL CONTACT PELITE, COPOLYMER, P.E., SURLYN ENDOLITE MULTIFLEX ENDOLITE, BOCK DYNAMIC, SACH 200 - 800
9 MYANMAR PTB SOCKET Plastic, Resin & Poly propylene - SACH Foot 28
10 NEPAL PTB POLYESTER, EPOXY RESIN, LEATHER, PELITE FIXED SACH 60 to 100
11 PAKISTAN P.T.B. Laminated Socket with Knee Local Sach Foot 45
12 SINGAPORE PTB AND SUPRACONDYLAR BEARINGS FIBREGLASS, POLYPROPYLENE FIXED ANKLE, ADJUSTABLE ANKLE SACH FOOT, SINGLE AXIS, DYNAMIC 500 - 2,000
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. PTB polyester solid ankle SACH 1,100
14 THAILAND PTB Polyester Resin/Polypropylene   SACH 100
15 VIETNAM by hands, by computers, CAD_CAM Wood, Aluminimum Wood, Aluminimum, P.P., Resin. Wood, Rubber 3 - 45 USD

 

5) How do you make KAFO?
Please describe most common type of
No. Name of country: knee joint ankle joint foot What is the cost in US dollars, of these orthoses?
1 CAMBODIA Prop lock Polyprop   20 - 30
2 China        
3 Hong Kong, China knee joint with drop lock mainly using caliper type rather than srirrup with ankle joint mainly using caliper type rather than stirrup with ankle joint  
4 INDIA Drop Lock - Steel All Types Footwear / plastic 0 - 100
5 INDONESIA stripped iron stripped iron Corrective Sandal about 15
6 JAPAN ring lock spring assist and limited motion shoes, leather mold 600 - 1,500
7 KOREA drop ring lock free shoe insert or shoes attached 300
8 MALAYSIA BAIL LOCK TAMARAK, STIRRUPS AFO, SHOE INSERT, ORTHOPAEDIC SHOES  
9 MYANMAR Local hinge knee joint Stop & Free ankle joint Poly propylene 50
10 NEPAL DROP LOCK KNEE 90° STOP, LIMITED MOTION, FREE ANKLE ORTHOPAEDIC SHOES, 50 to 80
11 PAKISTAN Drop Lock Hinges Single Axis S.S. Sach Foot (Local): Wood & Rubber 65
12 SINGAPORE SINGLE AXIS WITH DROP LOCKS PLANTAR FLEXION STOP ANKLE JOINT POLYPROPYLENE OR ORTHOPAEDIC SHOES 420 - 650
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. external hinge c/s lock 90° posterior stop steel shank of shoes  
14 THAILAND Metal : drop ring lock Single axis Stirrup with shoe 160
15 VIETNAM by P.P., metal metal leather, metal 40 - 60 USD

 

6) How do you make AFOs? 7) Do you make plastic AFOs? 8) Do you make double upright metal AFOs with shoes?
Please describe most common type of
No. Name of country: ankle joint foot section What is the cost in US dollars, of these orthoses?
1 CAMBODIA Polyprop insert P,P, 10 - 20 Yes No
2 China       Yes  
3 Hong Kong, China Gillete, Tamarack, made in house plastic AFO   Yes Yes
4 INDIA Plastic / Metal Footwear / Plastic/Wooden leg 0 - 100 Yes Yes
5 INDONESIA stripped iron Corrective Sandal about 15 No Yes
6 JAPAN spring assist and limited motion shoes, leather mold 300 - 900 Yes Yes
7 KOREA free shoe insert or shoes attached 200 Yes Yes
8 MALAYSIA TAMARAK, STIRRUP, GILLETTE ORTHOPAEDIC SHOES, ORDINARY SHOES 20 - 200 Yes Yes
9 MYANMAR Stop & Free ankle joint Ploy propylene 30 Yes Yes
10 NEPAL 90° STOP, LIMITED MOTION, FREE ANKLE ORTHOPAEDIC SHOES ; STIRRUP PLATE 20 to 40 Yes Yes
11 PAKISTAN Static / Dynamic   25 Yes Yes
12 SINGAPORE SINGLE AXIS 90° STOP POLYPROPYLENE 175 Yes Yes
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C.          
14 THAILAND Metal : Single Axis Stirrup with Shoe 120 Yes Yes
15 VIETNAM metal, P.P. metal 40 - 60 Yes Yes

 

9) What kind of plastic material do you use?
No. Name of country: polypropylene polyethylene polyester resin acrylic resin epoxy resin others
1 CAMBODIA Yes Yes No No No  
2 China No Yes No Yes No  
3 Hong Kong, China Yes Yes   Yes Yes  
4 INDIA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
5 INDONESIA     Yes      
6 JAPAN Yes Yes Yes Yes    
7 KOREA Yes Yes Yes Yes No  
8 MALAYSIA Yes Yes No No No COPOLYMER, PEDILIN, SILICON, ELASTOMERS
9 MYANMAR Yes No Yes No Yes  
10 NEPAL Yes Yes Yes No Yes  
11 PAKISTAN Yes         Not
12 SINGAPORE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes  
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C.            
14 THAILAND Yes   Yes      
15 VIETNAM Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes  

 

 

5. Educational and Training in the Allied Health Profession

1) Do you have any formal PO schools in your country?
(Y / N) If yes,
No. Name of country: what is the duration of the programme? how many schools do you have? how many students are attending the PO schools? who pays for the schooling? (students / government / others) how many graduates are there? when did the schools start?
1 CAMBODIA Yes 3 1 32 others 18 94
2 China Yes 4 1 80 government   1994, 9
3 Hong Kong, China Yes 3 1 70 students, government certificate Holders 80, Degree Holders 25 p.a. start 1998 Government certificate program 1968 University degree program 1995
4 INDIA Yes 2.5 years / 3.5 years 8 60 Students / government 800 1964
5 INDONESIA No            
6 JAPAN Yes 3 5 110/year students, government, others   1982
7 KOREA No            
8 MALAYSIA No            
9 MYANMAR No            
10 NEPAL No            
11 PAKISTAN   4 year for B. Sc. (3+1) 2 years for Technicians 2 40   35 1984
12 SINGAPORE No            
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C.              
14 THAILAND Yes 3 1 15 - 20   195 1993 the last school [2 year program (1981~1992)]
15 VIETNAM Yes 3 1 13 students, government, others   9/ 1997

 

Do you have a certification system? what is the social status of PO staff compared with other Allied Health professions?
(Y / N) If yes,
No. Name of country: when did it start?  
1 CAMBODIA No   Physio, Nurse
2 China Yes 1998 Ordinary
3 Hong Kong, China Yes 1997 Equal status
4 INDIA No   Equivalent
5 INDONESIA      
6 JAPAN Yes 1988 same as other professional
7 KOREA No    
8 MALAYSIA No    
9 MYANMAR Yes 1975 Same as other allied health professions
10 NEPAL     AS A TECHNICIAN OR PARAMEDICAL
11 PAKISTAN Yes 1986 (Technicians) 1993 (B.Sc. 1986-1988) For degree course at Petcok Peshawar, the teaching staff is at power with any other discipline, whereas for diploma course, the teaching staff of the schools is accordingly lower.
12 SINGAPORE No   Good.
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C.     A little bit lower than other professions
14 THAILAND Yes   The social status is lower than the others. Because the lack of good teachers, and education level. We don't have the real Prosthetist and Orthotist.
15 VIETNAM      

 

2) Do toy have any formal PT schools in your country?
(Y / N) If yes,
No. Name of country: what is the duration of the programme? how many schools do you have? how many students are attending the PT schools? who pays for the schooling? (students / government / others) how many graduates are there? when did the schools start?
1 CAMBODIA Yes 3 1   government, others 80 90
2 China Yes 4 1 80 government   1994, 9
3 Hong Kong, China Yes 3 1 250 students, government    
4 INDIA Yes 3.5~4.5 year 28 400 students, government 5,000 1950
5 INDONESIA Yes 3 10 about 170 each school students, government, others more than 2000 1964
6 JAPAN Yes 3 98 2,000/year students, government, others 13,450 1963
7 KOREA Yes 3~4 year 18 2,400 students 13,560 1963
8 MALAYSIA Yes 3 2 70 per year students, government 300 1974
9 MYANMAR Yes 37 1 25   147 1960
10 NEPAL No            
11 PAKISTAN Yes 3 2 40 (students each year class) students, government 120 about 800 1959, 1986
12 SINGAPORE Yes 3 1 35 students, government 70 1992
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. Yes 4 7 1,000 250/yr. students 1,930 1967
14 THAILAND Yes 4 8 400 students, government, others 650 1963
15 VIETNAM Yes 3 1 13 students, government, others    

 

Do you have a certification system? what is the social status of PT staff compared with other Allied Health professions?
(Y / N) If yes,
No. Name of country: when did it start?
1 CAMBODIA No   Nurse
2 China   1998 Ordinary
3 Hong Kong, China They have a registration process pending   Equal status
4 INDIA No   Paramedicals
5 INDONESIA Yes 1967 As a functional technician
6 JAPAN Yes 1965 Same as other professional
7 KOREA Yes 1965 Same as other allied health professionals such as occupational therapist.
8 MALAYSIA Yes 1977 (1st Batch) Given due recognition as qualified physiotherapists
9 MYANMAR Yes 1960 Same as other allied health professions
10 NEPAL     BETTER THAN PO YET AS A TECHNICIAN
11 PAKISTAN Yes 1962, 1990 They are inducted in service in grade 16 as compare to doctors who join in grade 17 and above.
12 SINGAPORE Yes 1992 GOOD IN GREAT DEMAND WELL RESPECTED
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. Yes Dec. 1995 No. of Certified P.T. 1,000 A little bit higher
14 THAILAND Yes 1967  
15 VIETNAM   9/ 1997 We have 1 school for orthopedic and Prosthetic.

 

1) Do you have any formal OT schools in your country?
(Y / N) If yes,
No. Name of country: what is the duration of the programme? how many schools do you have? how many students are attending the OT schools? who pays for the schooling? (students / government / others) how many graduates are there? when did the schools start?
1 CAMBODIA No            
2 China No            
3 Hong Kong, China Yes 3 1 140 students, government    
4 INDIA Yes 3.5~4.5 16 320 students / government 5,000 1950
5 INDONESIA Yes 3 1 120 students, government 47 1964
6 JAPAN Yes 3 81 2,000 students, government, others 5,095 1963
7 KOREA Yes 4 1 105   376 1979
8 MALAYSIA Yes 3 2 40 students / government 180 1984
9 MYANMAR No            
10 NEPAL No            
11 PAKISTAN There was a school which has been closed down for a few years now. 3 1 20 (in each year)      
12 SINGAPORE Yes 3 35   students, government 65 1992
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C. Yes            
14 THAILAND Yes 4 1 250 students, government, others 160 1980
15 VIETNAM Yes            

 

Do you have a certification system? what is the social status of OT staff compared with other Allied Health professions?
(Y / N) If yes,
No. Name of country: when did it start?  
1 CAMBODIA      
2 China      
3 Hong Kong, China They have a registration process in place   Equal status
4 INDIA No   Paramedicals
5 INDONESIA Yes 1997 As a functional technician
6 JAPAN Yes 1965 Same as other professional
7 KOREA Yes 1971 Same as other allied health professionals such as physical therapist.
8 MALAYSIA Yes 1987 1st batch Given due recognition as qualified occupational therapists
9 MYANMAR      
10 NEPAL     NONE
11 PAKISTAN Does not exist any more   Same as of P.T. They are in great demand the world over. Very few are working in the Country at present.
12 SINGAPORE Yes 1992 SAME AS THAT OF PT
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C.      
14 THAILAND   1984  
15 VIETNAM      

 

 

6. CBR Programme

1) Do you have any formal PO schools in your country?
(Y / N) If yes,
No. Name of country: what is the number of CBR programmes in your country? what kind of activities do the CBR programme include? 2 3 4
1 CAMBODIA Yes 6 Outreach/Pahent 10 Follow up Community Work  
2 China No          
3 Hong Kong, China We have a community Rehabilitation Network   self help group seminars / training workshops social activities etc.  
4 INDIA Yes 50 EARLY IDENTIFICATION MEDICAL & SOCIAL REHABILITATION AIDS & APPLIANCES PHYSIOTHERAPY
5 INDONESIA Yes Non government Organization, Department of Social Affair, Department of Health Prevention program: Early Detection and Early Intervention program Income Generation program Self Help Group Integrated Education program
6 JAPAN            
7 KOREA Yes 12 Detection of disabled persons Medical counseling service Home visiting, physiotheray, O.T. nursing Parent's education for pre-school disabled
8 MALAYSIA Yes 2 Selling up of Day Care Centres Incorporating rehabilitation services in public health centres Transfer of skills to family members and others carers Therapy and Special Education
9 MYANMAR Yes 2 Training of Trainers Training of the volunteer Training of Disabled person Social aspect
10 NEPAL Yes 18 HOME BASED PROGRAM MEDICAL REFERAL SYSTEM AIDS & APPLIANCES REFERRAL & LOCAL MAKE SPECIALIZED & GENERAL EDUCATIONAL MOTIVATION
11 PAKISTAN No          
12 SINGAPORE No   NA      
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C.            
14 THAILAND Yes 31 promote good attitude toward disable person training for the worker/volunteer on how to take care of disable person promote of self help group or group for people with disability appropriate technology for person with disability
15 VIETNAM Yes   PHC training Techniques Labour and employment Education

 

 
  How do you sustain CBR programmes financially is the provision of prostheses and orthoses provided in the CBR programme?
(Y / N)
No. Name of country: 5 Government / Private fund others  
1 CAMBODIA   Private fund, others No No
2 China        
3 Hong Kong, China   Government, Private    
4 INDIA EDUCATION & INCOME GENERATION Government Private fund   Yes
5 INDONESIA Direct Rehabilitation service, Community Education   Government, Community, Local private fund, International donor Yes
6 JAPAN        
7 KOREA Referral service for treatment Government Private fund   Yes
8 MALAYSIA Appropriate referrals to professionals Government / Private fund   Yes, merely
9 MYANMAR Education & vocational aspect Government NGOs Yes
10 NEPAL SHARING OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING Government Private fund INGO, COMMUNITY FINANCE Yes ONLY LOW COST LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIAL MADE P.O.
11 PAKISTAN        
12 SINGAPORE        
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C.       No
14 THAILAND data record and fund raising activity 31 (government with Private 6, Private 10, Government 15)   Yes
15 VIETNAM Policy Government, Private Fund, Others(NGO)   Yes

 

 
Who makes the prostheses and
orthoses which are provided by
the CBR programme?
Who teach the patients how to use prostheses and orthoses properly?
No. Name of country: 1 2 3 4 Dr / Nurse / therapist / prosthetist / other / Nobody)
1 CAMBODIA         therapist
2 China          
3 Hong Kong, China         therapist, prosthetist
4 INDIA Prosthetist / Orthotist P & O Technician P & O Worker Disabled people / Parents of PWD therapist, Prosthetist, Orthotist
5 INDONESIA refer to workshop       therapist, prosthetist
6 JAPAN         therapist, prosthetist
7 KOREA Local prosthetic & Orthotic shop Prosthetic & Orthotic Center     Dr, therapist, prosthetist
8 MALAYSIA Occupational Therapist CBR workers University Hospital & Kuala lumpur Hospital Private prosthetic & orthotic company Dr, Nurse, therapist, prosthetist, P&O, Technician
9 MYANMAR PO Technician from National Rehabilitation Hospital PO Technician from General Hospital     therapist
10 NEPAL ORTHOPEDIC TECHNICIANS       Dr, therapist, prosthetist
11 PAKISTAN          
12 SINGAPORE NA       Dr, therapist, prosthetist
13 TAIWAN, R.O.C.         Dr, therapist, prosthetist
14 THAILAND PO technician in general hospital Parents made the children's assitive devices     therapist, prosthetist
15 VIETNAM The Rehabilitation of bacu ma Hospital The Rehabilitation Department of Hospitals in Province The Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Centers   Dr, Nurse, therapist, prosthetist, other

 


Go to the Contents


Commemorating the Mid-Point of Asia and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons
ISPO An Asian Prosthetics and Orthotics Workshop '98 in Japan Final Report
- Appendix 1 -

Editors:
Eiji Tazawa
Brendan McHugh