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Report of the Asian Regional Seminar for Trainers and Community Organizers Working in the Disability Field, November 17-20, 1995

japanese Society for Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons

Introduction of Participants' Organizations


1.

ASSOCIATION FOR THE RURAL POOR (ARP)
(RURAL DISABLED DEVELOPMENT FEDERATION)

Address: No. 59 East Mada Church Road, Royapuram, Madras-600 013, India
TEL: +91-044-5954183
FAX: +91-044-5950052

Established:1985

Representative: Dr. Felix N Sugirtharaj(Programme Director-Secretary)

Staff (full-time):7 (part-time):12

Objectives:
1. To have a platform or forum for the Government as well as the public in order to advocate the problems and rights of the disabled.
2. To unite together all the disabled organization and voluntary agencies as well as the individual members into a Federation, who are working among the disabled persons in order to show their solidarity and support.

Main activities:
1
. The members of various disabled association are made to assemble periodically to discuss their problems and plan for their future. They are also given counselling for their problems (creating some sort of self-confidence).In such meetings they are conscientized about their rights and privileges.
2. The Disabled Federation collects various information about the various welfare schemes from the State and Central Government and other voluntary organizations and motivate the disabled to avail such privileges.
3. Technical training programmes were being organized by the Federation in the manufacturing of soap powder, cleaning powder, agarbathics and phenoil and candle-making with the help of the small industries service institute, Guindy, Madras.


2.

MALAYSIAN CARE (CARE: Christian Association for Relief)

Address:21 Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad, Brickfields, 50470 Kuala Lumpu
TEL: 03-2746266
FAX: 03-2746373

Established: March 1979

Representative: Director

Person-to-contact: Ms. Khor Ai-Na

Staff: (full-time) 60

Objective:
To provide both physical help and spiritual help to those in need, help individuals regain the sense of worth and dignity with regards to the root causes and societal issues confronting the disadvantaged.

Main activities:
4 main scope of services provided:
1) Children and families
2) Drug rehabilitation and prison services
3) Mental health services
4) Services for people with disabilities
Approaches adopted for each service include direct care, community services, small home units, community development, enpowerment, staff and parent training, community action and advocacy, resource, dissemination, awareness education, etc

Activities for people with disabilities
- Respite care
- Community-based rehabilitation
- Early intervention program
- Adult training program
- Program to support the parents
- Vocational training center
- Program to promote employment
- Training program for staff and teachers
- Informationa service by the Resorce Center


3.

DEPARTMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH
(Ministry of Public Health, Thailand)
          

Address: Department of Mental Health,Ministry of Public Health,Tivanond Road, Nonthaburi 11000 Thailand
TEL: 066-5252987
FAX: 066-5252977  

Established: December 1989

Person-to-contact: Ms. Suchada Sakornsatian

Staff: (full time) 6,730

Objective:
To improve knowledge and technology in health promotion and in prevention of mental disorder including the development, therapy treatment and rehabilitation of mental patients.

Main activities:
- promotion of mental health
- development of teaching techniques in Life Skills
- prevent AIDS in school system
- prevention of mental health problems
- treatment of mental illness
- rehabilitation of mental disorders
- training in AIDS counselling techniques for health personnel and education

Plans for programs and development over the next five to ten years:
Homecare program for mental illness as well as mental retardation.
Manpower development

Publications, audio-visual and public information programs:
- Mental Health Newsletter
- Journal of Department of Mental Health
- Stickers, posters, pamphlets, and video tapes on promoting mental health in family


4.
CBR DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING CENTER (CBR-DTC)

Address: Jl. LU Adisucipto Km7 - Colomadu Solo 57176 Indonesia
TEL: +62-271-780075
FAX: +62-271-780976

Established: 1978

Representative: Dr. Handojo Tjandrakusuma

Person-to-contact: Ms. Ety

Staff: (full time) 48


5.
KATIPUNAN NG MAYKAPANSANAN SA PILIPINAS, INC. (KAMPI)
(THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF PERSONS WITH 0DISABILITIES OF THE PHILIPPINES)

Address: Old Administration Bldg. Quezon Memorial Circle Elliptical Road, Philcoa Entrance Quezon City
TEL: +632-929-4409
FAX: +632-929-4409

Established: 1990

Representative: Ms. Venus M. Illagan (President)

Person-to-contact: Ms. Venus M. Illagan (President)

Staff: (full time)8 (part time)1

Membership: 178 self-help disabled persons organizations in 14 regions and special disability groups

Objectives:
1. Hasten the full participation and mainstreaming of the Filipino PWDs for themto determine and have control over services needed to enable them to live productive and independent lives.
2. To advocate for the needed changes in attitudes, policies and practices to achieve a "society for all" where the PWD can contribute to his community and eventually become a tax-paying citizen.

Main activities:
1
. Organizing and strengthening self-help groups of PWDs nationwide.
2. Enhancing the networking of PWDs' organizations for self-reliance through human resource development, capability building and leadership training programs.
3. Promoting independent living concepts by making available support services that would hasten the integration of the disabled person to the mainstream of society.
4. Advancing the status of PWDs, particulatrly women and children, through public information, advocacy programs and sensitivity trainings.
5. Providing organizational support through program development, research, net- working and linkages.

Plan for programs and development over the next five to ten years:
1
. Work for the total mainstreaming of persons with disabilities.
2. Work for the advancement of status of disabled women and children.


6.
THE SOCIETY FOR AID TO THE PARALYSED (SAP)

Address: 2 Peng Nguan Street, #01-01 SAP Centre Singapore 168955
TEL: +65-323-2303
FAX: +65-323-7008

Established: 21st September 1964

Person-to-contact: Mr. Lim Puay Tiak, Executive Director

Staff: (full time)67 (part time)0

Membership(individual): 651

Objectives:
1. To assist physical disabled people;
2. To develop and maintain training facilities, sports, welfare and educational Facilities to train and rehabilitate physically disabled people and;
3. To undertake any activities and to take necessary measures which are accidental and conducive to the attainment of the above objectives.

Main activities:
1
. Provides employment and on-the-job training for disabled people in the SAP Sheltered Production Workshop
2. Operates a Day Activity Centre for disabled adults to provide relief to care givers as well as train the disabled adult to be as independent as their disability would allow
3. Provide a transport service for disabled people who have difficulties using public transport
4. Provide an annual scholarship award to further academic pursuit of physicallydisabled students or students whose parents are physically disabled
5. Offers wheelchairs and technical aid loan schemes for disabled people
6. Runs a home visitation and befriender programme to address the needs of home bound disabled people
7. Operates a food ration programme
8. Promotes integratoin of disabled people through educational, social, recreational and sports activiites.

Plan for programs and development over the next five to ten years:
1
. To operate a commercially viable sheltered workshop for disabled people
2. To establish a resource centre on disability issues and enhance public awareness
3. To promote regional cooperation on issues pertaining to disabled people

Publications, audio-visual and public information programs:
1
. SAP Annual Report (yearly)
2. SAP Paraplegics (yearly)
3. SAP Update (quarterly)


Country Reports

Report of the Asian Regional Seminar for Trainers and Community Organizers Working in the Disability Field, November 17-20, 1995

Japanese Society for Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons

1.INDIA

2.INDONESIA

3.MALAYSIA

4.PHILIPPINES

5.SINGAPORE

6.THAILAND

japanese


1.

INDIA

Total land area: 3,287,263 km2

Population: 900,000,000 (approx.)

Disabled population : 16,154,000 (according to the National Sample Survey Organization, 1991 )
4,005,000 visually impaired persons
3,242,000 hearing impaired persons
8,939,000 persons with limb/trunk disability

The whole disabled population is estimated 50-60 million including 6 million mentally retarded persons and others. (according to "Perspectives in Disability and Rehabilitation")

Laws and Regulations:
The Government is now formulating a National Policy on Disablility.
The Government has introduced in parliament a comprehensive law on disability. (August 26, 1995) This law deals with prevention, education, employment, a barrier free environment, non-discrimination and other pertinent issues in rehabilitation.

Services for persons with disabilities:
Employment
:
-23 special employment exchanges for persons with physical disability was set up in securing suitable employment.
-17 vocational rehabilitation centers set up by Ministry of Labour.
-Annual award given to best employers, emloyees, placement officer, individual working in the field of rehabilitation, etc., by President of India.
-a center is to be set up by the beginning of 1996 by Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, for promotion of employment opportunities for disabled persons in the private sector in New Delhi.
For physically disabled persons:
Scholarship by state governments
-Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation at Kampur by the Government which produces almost 400 varieties of prosthetic and orthetic aids
-Free aids and appliances for disabled persons from low income groups by the Government (partial assistance for disabled persons with somewhat higher income)
-National Institute for the Orthopedically Handicapped (NIOH) at Calcutta
For visually impaired persons :
-15,000 blind students studying at special schools run largely by voluntary organizations (another 5,000 are studying in integrated programmes.)
-National Institute for the Visually Handicapped (NIVH) at Dehradun
-Program for low vision persons are rather weak but are in the process of development
For hearing impaired persons
-25,000 deaf children study at about 500 special schools run largely by voluntary organizations
-National Institute for the Hearing Handicapped (NIHH) at Bombay
-The All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, which is under Ministry of Health, offers graduate and post-graduate degrees
-Hearing aids are manufactured by several private firms. Economically weak persons can obtain these aids free of charge under the scheme of assistance by the Government
For mentally retarded persons:
-620 special schools run largely by voluntary organizations provide educational opportunities
-National Institute for the Mentally Handicaped (NIMH) at Secunderabad
-The Government gives 100% assistance to NGOs for manpower development in the field of mental retardation and cerebral palsy.
For mentally ill persons
-15 voluntary organizations provide after-care services for people recovering from chronic mental illness. The Government provides 90% assistance to such organizations.

DisabilityMovement :
Work for persons with disabilities initiated by Christian missionaries, was taken over by other charitable organization. In the recent past, several organizations have started self-help movements.
-The National Federation for the Blind (since 1973, membership 7,000 blind persons) has played an important role in the field of employment.
-Handicapped Welfare Federation (since 1970s, only disabled members) operates several services including a special school and a vocational training unit.
-Disabled Rights Group (DRG) (since 1994)
A very strong movement started by eight disabled and non-disabled persons with the sole aim of non-political advocacy. DRG has lobbied very effectively with the Government and Media, and is credited with expediting the introduction in Parliament of the comprehensive law on disablity.


2.

INDONESIA

Total land area:1,904,569 km2

Population: 190,000,000

Disabled population : 3,500,000 (1988 Census)

Laws and Regulations :
-No protective and legal law for employment promotion of disabled persons
-Governmental Act of Indonesian Republic (#36/1980) Social welfare efforts for disabled persons
-Minister of Social Welfare Act (#36/1983) Coordination of social welfare efforts for disabled persons
-Minister of Social Welfares' Rules (#55/1981) Rehabilitation undertaking for disabled persons
-Minister of Social Welfare Decision (#07/1984) Basic design for social welfare development

Services for persons with disabilities :
-NGOs provide 70% of the services which vary in many ways such as day care services, schooling, dormitory services
-NGOs do not provide strata of services like the Government does, because they provide services depending on each individual NGO's policy
-Services provided by the Government or the Local Social Department Office or the Private Social agencies are;
Institutional system, Non-institutional system, Social re-settlement

Institutional system:
-categorized into 4 level;
national level (Centre), provincial level (Panti), district level (Sasana), sub-district level
-provides accommodation, food, dresses, formal education, skill exercises, etc.

Non institutional system:
-based on community
-provides daily needs, work exercise, capital for business-formulated to broaden service and activate community participation for disabled persons such as;

Mobile Rehabilitation Unit (MRU)
-gives comprehensive rehabilitation service in remote area
-provides medical rehabilitation, social rehabilitation, skill education, social assistance, help aid, follow up guidance

Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR)
-carried out at familiar circles or community
-using the community resources and potential in the mean of from, for, and by the community

Self-Supporting Productive Enterprises or Kelompok Usaha Produktif (KUP)
-Sheltered workshop or Loka Bina Karya (LBK)
-work exercise location for disabled persons
-sometime as the information centre for social welfare matter at district area

Social re-settlement:
-System of serving comprehensively between the exchronical disease and the family in a certain place which will be expected to be administrative district (especially for ex-leprosies)

For physically disabled persons:
-Department of Education and Culture has a special school for elementary and secondary level, Special School (Sekolah Luar Biasa, SLB), for various types of disability
-Indonesian Society for the Care of Disabled Children (YPAC), NGO, provides medical and social rehabilitation, education for 5 to 18 years old
For visually impaired persons:
-The Visual/Blind Disabled Children Foundation (YPAB), NGO, provides medical and social rehabilitation, education for 5 to 18 years old

For hearing impaired persons:
-The Hearing/Deaf Disabled Children Welfare Foundation, NGO, provides medical and social rehabilitation, education for 5 to 18 years old

Disability Movements:
Indonesia Youth Physically Handicapped
Indonesia Paraplegic Association
Indonesia Federation for Social Welfare of Physical Disabled Persons
Indonesia Disabled Persons Association (umbrella organization of NGOs, lead by Mr. Koesbiono Sarmanhadi, also Chairman of Disabled Peoples' International (DPI) for the Asia and the Pacific region)
The Indonesian National Federation for the Welfare of the Physically Disabled Persons
The Indonesian National Federation for the Welfare of the Blinds
The Indonesian National Federation for the Welfare of the Deafs
The Indonesian National Federation for the Welfare of the Mental Handicapped Persons
The Indonesian Association of the Blinds
The Institution for Sport Renovation of the Handicapped Persons of the Indonesia
The Indonesian Handicapped Veterans Corps
The Handicapped Children Renovation Institution
The Indonesian Handicapped Persons Association
There are more various institutions which provide services for disabled persons.


3.

MALAYSIA

Total land area: 329,727 km2

Population: 19,200,000 (June 1993)

Disabled population: 53.908 (0.25%) (according to Department of Survey Malaysia,Department of Social Welfare Malaysia, December 1994)
10,047 visually impaired
10,097 hearing impaired
18,837 limb/trunk
14,927 mentally retarded

Laws and Regulations:
1% Minimum Quota (1989) - employed in public sector (recommendation)
Code of Practise for Access for Disabled People to Public Buildings (1990)
Tax Relief (1991)

Services for persons with disabilities:

Institutional services:
-Rehabilitation Center for Physically Disabled Persons
-Residential Home for Mentally Retarded Persons
-Day Care Centers for discharged mental illness patients
-Board of Visitors

Field services:
-To locate, identify and register disabled people
-Artificial limb and orthopaedic financial assistance
-Giving of allowances for the disabled workers whose income is less than RM300.00
-Launching grants for RM2,000.00 given to disabled perosns who are interested in starting their own business
-To promote employment opportunities for disabled persons in the private sector
-Community Based Rehabilitation

Employment:
24 sheltered workshops all over the country

For physically disabled person:
-Free primary education to every citizen including physically disabled persons
-2 training institutions set up by the Ministry of National Unity and Social Development in Selangor
-Standard code of practice for facilities for the disabled persons inside buildings approved by the Government

For visually disabled persons:
-An educational institution, St. Nicholas Home, established in Penang in 1926
-Integrated Education Programme started in 1963 in Seremban, Negeri Sembilan
-Gurney Training Center set up by the Malaysian Association for the Blind to give courses such as;
daily living skills
orientation and mobility
telephone operators
stenographers
A special grant for the students and salary for the staff sponsored by the Government.
special spectacles and low vision aids provided to persons with low vision

For hearing disabled persdons:
The Federation School of the Deaf set up by the Government in Penang in 1954.
"Sign" and "oral" language introduced in the Government and non-Governmental schools in the middle of 1980s.

For mentally retarded persons, mentally ill persons:
-2 training institutions set up by the Government in Johor
-Residential institutions set up by the Government in Negri Sembilan and Selangor and Trengganu
-Special classes for "slow learners" set up by the Government in normal schools in late 1980s
-Schools set up by voluntary organizations with financial assistance of 10% by the Government through the Ministry of National Unity and Social Development
-CBR centers set up by the Ministry of National Unity and Social Development

Disability Movements:
Many voluntary organizations "for persons with disabilities" being established since the establishment of Social Welfare Department in 1946 to help and to promote them in every way.
Malaysia Confederation of the Disabled (1987) comprises of ;
Society of the Blind in Malaysia
Society of the Orthopaedically Disabled(1975)
Society of Chinese Disabled Persons (1977)
Society of the Hearing Impaired (1987)
Malaysia Council for Rehabilitation (1973) comprises of many organizations, namely;
National Council for the Blind (1984)
National Society for the Deaf (1961)
National Council for the Mentally Retarded (1992)
and others


4.

PHILIPPINES

Total land area: 300,000 km2

Population: 68,000,000

Disabled population :
Approximately 6.8 million based on the WHO estimate for Developing Countries

Laws and Regulations
Accessibility Law (1984)
Magna Carta for Disabled Persons (1992)

Services for persons with disaibilities :
The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) (and its Bureau of Disabled Persons) takes care of disability related matters in the country.
Its goal is to assure the well-being of individuals, families and commodities and the liberation of the poor from deprivation.
The National Council for the Welfare of Disabed Persons (NCWDP) (an attached agency of DSWD) was established in 1983, as an outcome of the International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP) declared by UN.
It conducts public awarness campaigns and monitoring of programs for disabled persons in the country.

Employment services by the Government:
-3 vocational training centers, in Luzon,Visayas and Mindanao
-Job Placement Program set up by The National Rehabilitation and Vocational Training Center under DSWD, for the people they had trained
-A small sheltered workshop that produces rugs and other handicrafts also set up (only in Metro Manila), to absorb the trainees who could not be placed
-A project which aims to promote self-employment of disabled persons in coordination with groups and organizations of disabled persons as co-partners, TULAY 2000, launched by the Department of Labor and Employment Loan capital provided through accredited NGOs who released the loan The project is now in its second year and still under study

Employment services by private sector:
-popular sheltered workshops run by NGOs such as Tahanang Walang Hagdanan, Ephpheta Foundation for the Blind, Goodwill Industries, and Philippine Association for the Deaf
-different trades like sari-sari store or street vendors, or little services like shoe shine, watch repair or umbrella repair

For physically disabled persons:
-Common cause is polio and spinal cord injury due to accident
-Free anti-polio oral vaccine for children below 6 years old provided by the Government (through the Department of Health) to eradicate polio by year 2000
-Medical rehabilitation facilities, prothetic aids, and crutches provided by the Philippine Orthopedic Center.
-Special school (attachment to the Department of Education) also provided for the long hospitalized patients

Disability Movements :
Katipunan Ng Maykapansanan sa Pilipinas Inc. (KAMPI, or National Federation of Persons with Disabilities of the Philippines) led by the second Congress of the Disabled Persons held in Bacolod in 1990 consists of leaders of organizations of disabled persons in 13 regions to organize provincial chapters
-to conduct leadership training for its officers and members
-secure fundings for livelihood projects for the different chapters
-to disseminate information to create social awareness of the needs and rights of disabled persons
-to undertake educational campaigns


5.

SINGAPORE

Total land area: 646.1 km2

Population: 2,930,000 (as of June 1994)

Disabled population :
Approximately 111,348, using estimate of 3.8% of population as in Japan and Hong Kong.

Laws and Regulations :
No legislation for persons with disabilities in regards to education or employment.
Accessibility Code for Building was enforced in the year of 1990.

Services for persons with disabilities :
-The Ministry of Community Development (MCD) is the main governmental body which plans and delivers social services. In policy making, it works closely with the National Council of Social Service (NCSS) which is a statutory organization and umbrella body for all voluntary welfare organizations
-Special Assistance Scheme
Financial assistance to help needy disabled persons to purhase equipment or get technical aid
-Special income tax relief scheme
Anyone with disabled dependent is eligible for tax relief of Singapore $3,500 for every disabled member.
Every disabled person has an additional earned income relief of $2000.
-National Council of Social Services (NCSS)
is responsible for public education and public awarenss programme, concerning disability issues
-Community Chest of Singapore (CCS)
The fund raising arm of NCSS set up in 1983 to help the needy more effectively and efficiently to member organizations 65% of the fund raised will go to persons with disability. To date, a total of S$200 million have been allocated.
-Bizlink Center (a project of NCSS)
Set up by Ministry of Community Development and NCSS in 1986 as a model production workshop
Provides vocational assessment, job placement, and follow-up for disabled persons and the employers
-Voluntary Welfare Organization (VWOs)
provides social welfare services for disabled persons, such as;
early intervention programmes
special education
vocational training
operating sheltered workshops
day activity centers, day activity-work componet,
pre-employment programme
employment unit/workshop
integration support programmes
therapy/rehabilitation service
vocational assessment
job placement
residential/hostel/respite care
transportation
sports, social and recreational programmes, etc.

Disability Movements :
-a report entitled "Opportunities for the Disabled" presented by the Advisory Council for the Disabled appointed by the Government in 1988 a comprehensive study on how to help disabled persons integrate into the society by looking into the issues of disability prevention, special education, vocational training, employment, transportation and accessibility.
-first conference organised by NCSS, Institute of Policy Studies (IPS), and CCS in 1991 first time that the public, private sectors, academia, and voluntary sectors gathered together to discsuss the issues and challenges that face disadvantaged persons and the VWOs, such as;
(1)to map out future directions for social services
(2)to increase public awareness
(3)to understand the needs of disadvantaged people in the community
(4)to assist VWOs to develop long-term plans to meet above needs
Handicaps Welfare Association:
run by persons with disability
organize programmes, activities and welfare for persons with physical disabilities
Singapore Association for the Deaf:
run entirely by deaf people has a social programme group
The Social for Aid to the Paralysed:
a voluntary welfare organization to assist physically disabled people runs a sheltered production workshop for disabled people as well as a Day Activity Centre
Other outstanding issues :
"Social Services-The Next Lap"
a book presented by NCSS in 1991 identifies certain problems that face disabled persons, their families, and VWOs


6.
THAILAND

Total land area: 514,000 km2

Population: 58,500,000

Disabled population :
1,057,000 (1.8% of the population)
(according to census of National Statistic Office, 1991)
Amputation of part of upper or lower limb 122.4 (in thousand)
One-eyed blindness 99.4
Two-eyed blindness 48.9
Speech impairment 57.4
Hearing impairment 139.8
Total deafness 20.0
Paralysis or Pareasis 105.3
Cleft lip or palate 20.7
Disability of limbs 206.8
Pychosis 50.7
Mental retardation 106.0
Scoliosis or kyphsis 15.7
Other and unknown 108.6

Laws and Regulations :
The Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons Act 1991
-Establishment of Commission for Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons
-Establishment of the Office of Commission for Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons in Public Welfare Department
-Registration of disabled persons at the Office of Commission for Rehabilitation of Disabled Persons to ensure their rights for various rehabilitaiton services
-Establishment of "Rehabilitation Fund for Disabled Persons" in the Office of Commission
-Quota system in which every firm with 200 employees must employ 1 disabled person
Services for persons with disabilities
- Medical rehabilitation is mostly provided by Ministry of Public Health, university hospitals, and hospitals under the Ministry of Defense and Bangkok Metropolitan Authority.
- There is a National Medical Rehabilitation Center called Sirindhorn National Medical Rehabilitation Center. It is under the Department of Medical Services Ministry of Public Health. But it works closely with Department of Social Welfare and Disabled Persons' Organization.
- Department of Public Welfare takes major responsibility for the delivery of social welfare services in Thailand. The services are: institutional care, vocational training, etc.

Institutional care:
6 Homes near Bangkok for physically, mentally and intellectually disabled persons

Vocational training:
4 vocational training centers in various regions

Other services:
Rehabilitation centers for physically disabled persons
Cash assistance by the Government to cover basic needs
28 baht/day allowance for severely disabled persons and other vulnerable groups(such as leprocy patients)
Providing prosthetics and orthotics
Implementation of 76 Provincial Public Welfare Office for expanding the services to the disabled persons throughout Thailand

Disability Movements :
The Council of Disabled people in Thailand was established in 1983 by a group of disabled people led by Mr. Narong Patibatsarakich.