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Care services for disability models

The following benefits are relevant to all people with disability Benefits (Free benefits advisory service phone line 0800 882 200)

Disability Living Allowance.

From April Care component low - £18.65, middle - £47.10, high £70.35 Mobility component low - £18.65, high - £49.10

Tax free benefit available to those with an illness or disability who need help with personal care, getting around or both. Not means tested. Higher rate mobility component can be used to lease a new car (through Motability Scheme, buy a car or wheelchair or claim exemption from Road Tax). (DLA is not normally counted as income when you apply for the other income-related benefits and credits.)

Education Maintenance Allowance - weekly payment to help cover the day to day costs that child (under 19 year olds) will have to meet if he stays on at school or college (www. ema.dfes.org.uk). Education Maintenance Allowance may stop, but if you are studying or not working you may claim Employment and Support Allowance and if you are not studying and able to work, you may be able to claim Job Seekers Allowance.

Employment and Support Allowance - replaced Incapacity Benefit and Income Support, paid because of an illness or disability. Recipients move to new benefit between 2009 and 2013. (new claimants immediately receive ESA). Initial assessment phase of 13 weeks, variable amount. If these benefits are paid then, in the case of a child until 16, or until 19 if the child is in full-time, non-advanced education or unwaged work-based training, a mother will not be entitled to the usual Child Benefit paid to those responsible for a child.

Other allowances

Carers' Allowance, £43.10 (if your child receives the middle or highest rate of DLA care component) and you care for your children for at least 35 hours a week and do not earn, if you work, more than £84 a week (after childcare costs and other expenses).

or Attendance Allowance, low rate £47.10 and high rate £70.35

Working Tax Credit, for people with a disability working at least 16 hours a week. Also if you have a dependent child (under 16, or under 20 and in certain types of education and training).

Child Tax Credit - increased if child has disability, on top of amount for anyone with a dependent child (whether you work or not) - basic family element and amounts for each child.

Disabled Facilities Grant, renovation and minor works - approved by local authority Housing Department, not means tested if meeting the needs of a disabled child.

Council Tax deduction - can apply for reduction (by one band) if your home has been adapted to meet your child's needs, or if your child uses a wheelchair to get around.

Housing Benefit - will pay the rent for anyone on benefits or low income, if savings are under £6000, and the house is of a suitable size to meet needs of those who live there, and a proportion for people whose savings are up to £16,000.

Disabled Students Allowances are also available for disabled students (which includes a Special Equipment Allowance: a one-off payment for large items such as personal computers, cassette recorders etc)

  • Non-medical Helpers Allowance: an annual allowance to cover costs of practical help including signers, readers, note takers, and personal assistants
  • General Allowance: an annual allowance for small items and consumables, which can also be used to supplement the other allowances

Grants

Social fund - to help with household items or certain travel costs in an emergency. Loans must be repaid (without interest).

TV licence for people registered blind - 50% discount for any blind person.

Support organisations

Connexions, a national service advising young people, (from 13- 24) including young people with disability, would have advised him on these options. Their information, (which is also available on a help line) will help any student with any of their options.
(http://www.connexions-direct.com/index.cfm£pid=74&catalogueContentID=375&render=detailedArticle). The advice service of Connexions can now be accessed on-line in Kensington and Chelsea. (http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/kccadvice/do_you_need_advice/connexions_advice_cam.asp).The National Bureau for Students with Disabilities () also gives advice on post-16 education.

Further education for severely disabled people (like Individuals 2 and 3) would be in a Specialist College, which is residential. (The colleges themselves are funded by the Learning and Skills Council). There is a directory of specialist colleges www.natspec.org.uk. If there are no suitable spaces, services or spaces will be purchased from other local authorities. If a residential option is not necessary then full time local college could be an option (transportation will be provided free).

If individual 1, 2 or 3 have opted for employment then they can get help from Job Centre Plus' Disability Employment Advisers on Access to Work Programmes. www.opportunities.org.uk. Locally they can also go for help to the local authority employment service - Kensington Recruitment http://www.rbkc.gov.uk/businesszone/helpforbusiness/kensingtonrecruitment.asp. This service will help find employment, support workers with learning disabilities in applying for work, preparing for work, with suitable clothing, with assistance travelling to work, and at the work place, shadowing the worker, so long as it is needed. For Individual 3 they would use an approach called 'job carving' ie creating a job that is appropriate for someone with complex needs (eg simple administrative work, photocopying, paper shredding, catering, horticultural work etc).

Where specialist training is required for a job, this will be provided by Equal People (www.equalpeoplekc.org.uk). They will also give supportive training on life services (how to cook, clean, go shopping, use the bank, pay bills, use public transport etc).

Disability Employment Adviser and Access to Work as above (Other help Opportunities for People with Disability www.opportunities.org.uk, Association of Disabled Professionalswww.adp.org.uk).,

Transport. Registered disabled are entitled to travel permits (over 16 and under 60 women under 65 men) free travel. Or dial a ride, free public transport service in central London (www.tfl.gov.uk/dial-a-ride. Disabled Persons Railcard entitles holder and escort to reduced rail tickets, taxicard for reduced rate taxi travel, and parking permits

Citizens Advice Bureaux in all areas give a range of free advice, legal services etc

Housing - Housing Advice Service (www.haskc.co.uk)

Social services

At home, if the individual is assessed as needing support with personal care, this will be arranged through a number of channels - Home Care, organised by the social worker; through Direct Payments (for the family directly to employ someone to care for a disabled child); through Individual Budgets (which involves the individual in the decision on the appropriate care package and method of payment for it, to give them as much control as possible over their care); through the Independent Living Fund and through the Short Break Service which arranges short term respite care for the disabled person, to allow their carers to have respite from caring for their son (they would also be eligible for grants to take a holiday). There is a whole range of other support services for disabled people and carers also available eg with legal advice, on leisure, clubs, transport etc. If a person's disability was not severe, (such as in the case of Individual 1) the local authority would try and encourage him to live independently - using adapted houses which are mostly in blocks of four, with a professional carer also resident, using alarms (through technology in this borough called Telecare).


Person with autism - Individual 3 (probably highest level of DLA care component and also Carers' Allowance and ESA (variable and means-tested)

The Community Learning Disability Team (in the London Borough of Kensington and Chelsea) which is a multi profession team including social workers, psychologists, physiotherapists and occupational therapists, works with people who have been assessed as having a Learning Disability that is Special Educational Needs (according to the government's definition as set out in their Valuing People Paper of 2001 - ie 'a significant reduced ability to understand new or complex information and to learn new skills, along with a reduced ability to cope independently. This will have started before adulthood, with a lasting effect on development'.

This individual 3 is in the Transition Phase. He will have been at school until 19 years old, probably a special school as he is classified as severely disabled (others are taught in mainstream schools with support). Children's Social Services would have passed to Adult Community Services (of which the Community Learning Disability Team is one part) a copy of the individual's Review of Transition Plan when he is 14. At 16 a further review is undertaken and Adult Community Services send a social worker to participate in it, and a Personal Advisor makes an initial assessment of need. At 18 the Transition Service supports the transfer of the individual's case to the Community Learning Disability Team. Their responsibility lasts for the transition period, from 19 until his 25th birthday. After leaving school at 19 he would choose a community placement, or further education or an employment option. Services like Connexions (above) would help advise him. The individual 3 will be encouraged as far as possible first to continue with education, then to take up employment and, if neither of these are possible or acceptable then to undertake other community activities - such as volunteering. Many of these activities, like craft and dance etc, are provided by the voluntary sector (such as Scope Resource Centre) funded by the local authority.

There are no longer sheltered workshops in the UK. Care services and benefits are outlined above.

As his parents work, parents would be given respite care, and attendance allowance for mother to work full time, as he has the understanding of a 4 year old and could be a danger to himself. Alternatively could go to drop in centre, or day service centre.

Blind person - Individual 1 (DLA care and mobility components, probably low)

There is a legal requirement that the local authority must see evidence that the person is registered as having a visual impairment, before any statutory services would be offered. With a CVI the individual will be able to access the following services for as long as they are assessed to need them:

Communications - help with reading/writing correspondence, contact with necessary services, and organisations (like talking books, computer skills etc)

Daily living skills - help with kitchen and daily routine skills at home, and provision of necessary equipment eg talking microwave

Mobility - help with orientation and mobility, indoor and outdoor, safety and risk assessment Also signposting will be done to social and leisure facilities.

A social worker will give advice and, if needs are complex, will complete a needs assessment and Care Plan and available options. Depending on the degree of need, there may or may not be a charge for some home care services (or Direct Payments to purchase them). The social worker will also make connection where necessary with RNIB outreach services (eg matching with a volunteer, provision of suitable visual aids, participation in an 'insight' group) and will get advice on getting big print, Braille, taped info or someone to read.

Children's education similar to above - ie if possible, educated in mainstream school, with support teachers, or special needs unit of mainstream school or in specialist school (daily or boarding) if needs are complex. (Advice for families with visually impaired children www.look-uk.org, Blind in Business www.blindinbusiness.org.uk.) Many support and advice and leisure groups.

Cervical cord Injury Individual 2 (DLA care and mobility components high, Attendance Allowance High, ESA etc and other benefits, as appropriate)

Just as in cases above, the Physical Disability Team of Social Services will assess his physical need, agree a plan for his care, and arrange the necessary services. As far as possible efforts are made to keep people living independently at home, but when the cost of care to do so exceeds the cost of residential care, then residential care would be chosen. This individual's needs are so high that he would probably be put in residential care, which would be means tested. If he has less than £25,000 savings this would be totally paid for, including care and equipment. They would also support as far as possible his working or engaging in other activities. As a 24hr carer would be required, then that carer(/s) would also cook meals. The social workers will offer information and advice on services from a wide range of organisations and will make contact with the Health Services and voluntary groups.