国際セミナー「世界の障害者インクルージョン政策の動向」

ソーシャル・エンタープライズとソーシャル・ファームの定義（原文）

Definition and Characteristics of Social Firms (Department of Trade and Industry, UK)

A social enterprise is a business with primarily social objectives whose surpluses are principally reinvested for that purpose in the business or in the community, rather than being driven by the need to maximise profit for shareholders and owners. Social enterprises tackle a wide range of social and environmental issues and operate in all parts of the economy. By using business solutions to achieve public good, the Government believes that social enterprises have a distinct and valuable role to play in helping create a strong, sustainable and socially inclusive economy.

出典：Social Enterprise: a strategy for success Department of Trade and Industry, UK
2002 July (http://www.sbs.gov.uk/SBS_Gov_files/speeches/SPE_documenta.pdf)

Definition of a Social Firm (CEFEC)

A Social Firm is a business created for the employment of people who have a disability or are otherwise disadvantaged in the labour market. It is a business which uses its marketorientated production of goods and services to pursue its social mission. A significant number of its employees will be people with a disability or other disadvantage in the labour market. Every worker is paid a market-rate wage or salary, appropriate to the work.Work opportunities should be equal between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged employees. All employees should have the same employment rights and obligations.

出典：CEFEC, Confederation of European Firms, Employment Initiatives and Co-operatives, 1997 (http://www.cefec.de)

"Enterprising solutions for social inclusion." (Social Firms Scotland)

Social Firms aim to generate over 50% of their income from the sale of goods and services to an open market. They are non-profit distributing, with any surplus being shared by employees or re-invested in the business or community. A social firm will ensure that at least 25% of its full time equivalent workforce are people with a disability or other disadvantage to create an integrated workforce. These businesses usually have the feel of a family business and are predominantly characterised by the provision of a supportive and inclusive working environment, team working and participation in the development and operation of the business.

出典：Social Firms Scotland ホームページ(http://www.socialfirms.org.uk)